Какие проблемы решаются с помощью «COM-подобного»? фреймворк?

COM и подобные библиотеки предоставляют возможность создавать и использовать двоичные объектно-ориентированные компоненты.

«Бинарный» означает, что он достаточно независим от языка и доступен, например, C, C ++, Pascal и т. Д.

Слой поверх COM, называемый «Автоматизация», предоставляет доступ к языкам сценариев для компонентов, которые специально поддерживают «Автоматизацию».

В качестве конкретного примера, Windows API предоставляет компонент COM автоматизации, который представляет (и может создавать или изменять) ярлык Windows. Ярлыки Windows — это файлы .lnk, которые в некоторой степени похожи на символические ссылки, за исключением того, что они должны явно разыменовываться приложением. На компьютере, на котором я пишу это, установка MingW g ++ содержит программу JavaScript, чтобы сделать эту функциональность на основе COM доступной в виде простой команды командной строки.

Создание COM-объекта в этой программе:

var Shortcut = WinShell.CreateShortcut( prefix + assigned[lnkname] );

где WinShell это еще один COM-объект Windows API, созданный с помощью функции, предоставляемой средой хоста сценария.

Полная программа:

>MinGW \ libexec \ MinGW-прибудете \ shlink.js

/*
* shlink.js
*
* $Id: shlink.js,v 1.1 2012/04/06 22:49:36 keithmarshall Exp $
*
* Invoke the Windows Scripting Host to create or modify a windows shortcut,
* with specified parameters.
*
* Usage:
*   cscript -nologo shlink.js [--option[=value] ...] target name
*
* Options:
*   --verbose  report shortcut parameter assignments on stdout
*
*   --all-users
*          create the shortcut in the start menu, or on the
*          desktop available to all users; (has no effect,
*          unless --start-menu or --desktop is specified)
*
*   --desktop  create the shortcut on the desktop of the current
*          user, (or for all users, with --all-users)
*
*   --start-menu
*          create the shortcut in the user's start menu, (or
*          all users' start menu, with --all-users)
*
*   --arguments="argument list ..."*      specify arguments to be passed to the command
*      invoked by the shortcut
*
*   --description="text ..."*      specify the "tool tip" for the shortcut
*
*   --hotkey="[SHIFT+][CTRL+][ALT+]key"*          specify a hot-key combination which may be used
*          to invoke the shortcut command
*
*   --icon="d:\path\to\icon\file[,index]"*          specify an icon to associate with the shortcut;
*          if unspecified, the first icon in the target file,
*          or failing that, a system default is used
*
*   --show=normal|maximised|minimised
*          specify the style of window in which the program
*          invoked by the shortcut will start running
*
*   --workingdir="d:\path\to\working\directory"*          specify the absolute path name for the directory
*          which will become the current working directory when
*          the program invoked by the shortcut is started
*
* Parameters:
*   target the path name to the program to invoke, or the file
*      to be opened, when the shortcut is activated.
*
*   name   the path name for the shortcut file itself; if this
*      does not end with either a ".lnk" or ".url" extension,
*      then ".lnk" will be appended, so creating a regular
*      file system link type shortcut.
*
*
* This file is a component of mingw-get.
*
* Written by Keith Marshall <[email protected]>
* Copyright (C) 2012, MinGW Project
*
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
* copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
* to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
* the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
* and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
* Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
* in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
* OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL
* THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
* FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
* DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
*
*/
var cmdName = WScript.ScriptName;
var WinShell = WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell");

/* Properties for the shortcut may be specified as arguments
* to command line options, each of which is represented in the
* GNU long option form, by keywords with property associations
* as specified by:
*/
var options = Array(
"name",       /*  File name/path of .lnk file */
"all-users",
"start-menu",
"desktop",
"verbose",
/*
*  Option            Property
*  -------------     -------------------------
*/
"arguments",  /*  Shortcut.Arguments      */
"description",    /*  Shortcut.Description    */
"hotkey",     /*  Shortcut.HotKey     */
"icon",       /*  Shortcut.IconLocation   */
"show",       /*  Shortcut.WindowStyle    */
"target",     /*  Shortcut.TargetPath     */
"workingdir"  /*  Shortcut.WorkingDirectory   */
);

/* The "complain" function provides a mechanism for writing
* diagnostic messages to stderr, and optionally aborting the
* calling script.
*/
function complain( condition, message )
{
WScript.StdErr.WriteLine( cmdName + ": " + message );
if( condition < 0 )
WScript.Quit( -condition );
return condition;
}

/* Strip ".js" suffix from command name.
*/
var i = cmdName.lastIndexOf( ".js" );
if( (i > 0) &&  (cmdName.substr( i ) == ".js") )
cmdName = cmdName.substr( 0, i );

/* Initialise all options to "unassigned" state.
*/
var target = -1;
var lnkname = -1;
var desktop = -1;
var allusers = -1;
var startmenu = -1;
var verbosity = -1;
var unassigned = "+++unassigned+++";
var assigned = Array( options.length );
for( var k = 0; k < assigned.length; k++ )
{
switch( options[k] )
{
case "name":
lnkname = k;
break;

case "desktop":
desktop = k;
break;

case "start-menu":
startmenu = k;
break;

case "all-users":
allusers = k;
break;

case "target":
target = k;
break;

case "verbose":
verbosity = k;
}
assigned[k] = unassigned;
}

/* Define the prefix, which will qualify the location
* of the shortcut; initialise it to nothing, so that by
* default shortcuts will be located by absolute path name,
* as specified, or relative to current working directory.
*/
var prefix = "";

var j;
function assign_option( name, value )
{
switch( name )
{
case "desktop":
case "start-menu":
case "all-users":
case "verbose":
j = i;
return "set";
}
return value;
}

/* Parse the command line.
*/
var argv = WScript.Arguments;
for( i = 0; i < argv.length; i++ )
{
if( argv( i ).indexOf( "--" ) == 0 )
{
/* Handle arguments specifying options...
*/
if( (optind = argv( j = i ).indexOf( "=" ) + 1) > 3 )
{
optnam = argv( j ).substr( 2, optind - 3 );
optarg = argv( j ).substr( optind );
}
else
{
optnam = argv( j ).substr( 2 );
if( ++j < argv.length )
optarg = argv( j );
else
optarg = unassigned;
}

var matched = 0;
for( var k = 0; k < options.length; k++ )
{
if( optnam == options[k] )
{
matched = 1;
assigned[k] = assign_option( options[k], optarg );
k = options.length;
}
else if( options[k].indexOf(optnam) == 0 )
{
if( ++matched > 1 )
complain( -2, cmdName + "option '" + argv( i ) + "' is ambiguous" );
assigned[k] = assign_option( options[k], optarg );
}
}
if( matched == 1 )
{
i = j;
}
else
complain( -2, "option '" + argv( i ) + "' is not supported" );
}

/* Handle non-option arguments...
*/
else if( (target >= 0) && (assigned[target] == unassigned) )
/*
* ...the first of which is the target to which the
* (shortcut) link is to refer...
*/
assigned[target] = argv( i );

else if( (lnkname >= 0) && (assigned[lnkname] == unassigned) )
/*
* ...the second is the file system path name at which
* the link file itself is to be saved...
*/
assigned[lnkname] = argv( i );

else
/* ...and any more than two is an error.
*/
complain( -2, "too many arguments" );
}

/* Verify that mandatory arguments have been specified...
*/
if( assigned[target] == unassigned )
/*
* First of these, the TargetPath specification, is required;
* diagnose and abort, if missing.
*/
complain( -2, "missing argument: no target path specified" );

if( assigned[lnkname] == unassigned )
/*
* Second, the path name for the link file itself is essential;
* again, diagnose and abort if missing.
*/
complain( -2, "missing argument: no shortcut name specified" );

/* We have both the mandatory arguments; check that the link name
* is properly terminated by a ".lnk" or ".url" suffix...
*/
var suffix = "";
if( (i = assigned[lnkname].length - 4) > 0 )
suffix = assigned[lnkname].substr( i );

/* ...and append ".lnk" as default, if not already present.
*/
if( (suffix != ".lnk") && (suffix != ".url") )
assigned[lnkname] += ".lnk";

/* Add the appropriate prefix for '--desktop' or '--start-menu' shortcuts.
*/
if( assigned[desktop] != unassigned )
{
if( assigned[startmenu] != unassigned )
complain( -2, "options '--desktop' and '--start-menu' are incompatible" );
else prefix = WinShell.SpecialFolders( (assigned[allusers] == unassigned)
? "Desktop" : "AllUsersDesktop" ) + "\\";
}
else if( assigned[startmenu] != unassigned )
prefix = WinShell.SpecialFolders( (assigned[allusers] == unassigned)
? "StartMenu" : "AllUsersStartMenu" ) + "\\";

else if( assigned[allusers] != unassigned )
complain( -2,
"option '--all-users' also requires '--desktop' or '--start-menu'");

/* Handle verbosity...
*/
function verbose_assignment( property, value )
{
if( assigned[verbosity] == "set" )
WScript.Echo( cmdName + ": set " + property + " = " + value );
}

/* Initialise the shortcut entity reference.
*/
if( assigned[verbosity] == "set" )
WScript.Echo( cmdName + ": create shortcut: " + prefix + assigned[lnkname] );

var Shortcut = WinShell.CreateShortcut( prefix + assigned[lnkname] );

for( var k = 0; k < options.length; k++ )
{
if( assigned[k] != unassigned )
switch( options[k] )
{
case "arguments":
verbose_assignment( "Shortcut.Arguments", assigned[k] );
Shortcut.Arguments = assigned[k];
break;

case "description":
verbose_assignment( "Shortcut.Description", assigned[k] );
Shortcut.Description = assigned[k];
break;

case "hotkey":
verbose_assignment( "Shortcut.HotKey", assigned[k] );
Shortcut.HotKey = assigned[k];
break;

case "icon":
verbose_assignment( "Shortcut.IconLocation", assigned[k] );
Shortcut.IconLocation = assigned[k];
break;

case "show":
verbose_assignment( "Shortcut.WindowStyle", assigned[k] );
var style = Array(
"normal",     1,
"maximised",  3,
"maximized",  3,
"minimised",  7,
"minimized",  7
);
for( j = 0; j < style.length; j++ )
if( style[j++].indexOf( assigned[k] ) == 0 )
{
Shortcut.WindowStyle = style[j];
j = 100;
}
if( j < 100 )
complain( 1, "unrecognised mode '--show=" + assigned[k] + "' ignored" );
break;

case "target":
verbose_assignment( "Shortcut.TargetPath", assigned[k] );
Shortcut.TargetPath = assigned[k];
break;

case "workingdir":
verbose_assignment( "Shortcut.WorkingDirectory", assigned[k] );
Shortcut.WorkingDirectory = assigned[k];
}
else if( assigned[verbosity] == "set" )
WScript.Echo( cmdName + ": option '--" + options[k] + "' is unassigned" );
}

/* Commit the shortcut entity to disk.
*/
Shortcut.Save();

/* $RCSfile: shlink.js,v $: end of file */